At the Ca Mau Fertilizer Plant, natural gas is used for two purposes: as a feedstock to produce the semi-finished products NH3 and CO2 after undergoing production processes in the Ammonia unit, and as a fuel which is used in the Primary Reformer furnace and in auxiliary boiler. Due to the characteristics of the technology, the amount of fuel gas used to provide excess heat to generate steam in the reforming  sectionand the amount of fuel gas for the auxiliary boiler to produce high-pressure steam  still the main amount of gas consumed at the Ca Mau Fertilizer Plant. In addition to natural gas, permeate gas-a fuel gas recovered from the Ca Mau Gas Processing Plant (GPP), is also reused by us to maximize utilization and avoid direct emissions into the environment. Since its use began in February 2019, permeate gas has primarily been utilized as fuel, partially replacing natural gas. The permeate gas/natural gas ratio is maintained at approximately 2.7%. In 2023, we fully recovered the CO2 and the remaining gas after processing to meet technological conditions in permeat gas and using it as a feedstock, with the amount of permeate gas recovered in 2023 reaching 19.96 million Sm³/year. Additionally, we implemented various improvement solutions to increase production and reduce gas consumption by 0.44% compared to 2022.

For NPK production technology, the raw materials used include: liquid materials (urea solution, NH3, H2SO4, etc.) and solid materials (urea granules, MAP, DAP, SA, MOP, SOP, etc.). Among these, steam plays two important roles: it provides heat and facilitates the granulation process in the granulator . Natural gas, along with air, is used as fuel for the combustion chamber, and the hot gas generated from fuel combustion is used in the drying and cooling stages of the product. The raw materials used to produce NPK fertilizer are derived from non-renewable resources such as natural gas. After being applied to the soil, these material components either dissolve into the soil or evaporate into the air. When used correctly, these products help increase the soil’s nutrient content, thereby improving crop yield. Below is a table describing the consumption of raw materials used in NPK production at the Ca Mau Fertilizer Plant over the years:

With the increase in production capacity, the efficiency of material usage has improved each year. In 2023, the total material consumption rate decreased by 0.75% compared to 2022 and by 0.95% compared to 2021. Among the materials, K2O content saw the largest reduction, with decreases of 3.88% compared to 2022 and 13.68% compared to 2021. This not only helps PVCFC reduce production costs and increase product competitiveness but also lowers the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1).